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Trying on the level and realm of Xunzi’s “knowledge” – Taking “Correction of Names” and “Explanation of the Confucianism” as examples
Author: Jay Chou Jun
Source: Author Authorized by Confucian Network Published
Original from “Ningbo Journal of Science” (Teaching Science Edition) 2016 Issue 5
Time: Confucius was in the 2568th year of Dingyou July 29th, Jiyou
Jesus September 19, 2017
Content summary: “Knowledge” occupies a major position in Xunzi’s teachings. Xunzi’s knowledge can be divided into two levels: one is the recognition of specific things, that is, “different and different”; the other is the recognition of the way of the whole, that is, “clear and precious”. Among these two levels of knowledge, Xunzi acknowledged the superiority of knowledge about Tao. In Xunzi’s knowledge and understanding of Tao, it is divided into two realms: one is the method of enlightenment, Mencius, Youzi, etc. to practice Taoism by asceticism; the other is the method of natural Taoism by saints or suspicion. When describing the method of enlightenment by saints or supreme people, Xunzi proposed a superb and pure theory of knowledge, which brought it closer to Lao Tzu’s realm of thinking. Although Xunzi put forward superb theories in the field of “knowing” and “tao”, the limitations of their theories are also very clear. Despite this, Xunzi still made the main contribution in the acquired theory of knowledge. However, Xunzi’s cognitive theory still has reference value for modern cognitive theory or knowledge view.
Keywords: Xunzi Knowing Facts Value
Chinese Graphic Category: B248.2 Article Code: A Article Number:
About Xunzi’s Thoughts or Identifications of “Knowledge”, there have been many discussions in the academic world [①], and the most discussed among them is the sentimentality of Xunzi’s “Knowledge”. A few have also noticed the two-level characteristics of their knowledge: they are actually knowledge and ethical knowledge. Among them, the commentary of Master Mou Zongsan is particularly exquisite. He detailed the intellectual characteristics and limitations of Xunzi’s knowledge [②]. The author believes that the discussion on Xunzi’s perception and thinking can be more profound and more comprehensive, and some departmental research results can also be negotiated. Let’s first look at the main nature of “knowledge” in Xunzi’s thinking, which is something that students rarely discuss.
1 The main nature of “knowledge” in Xunzi’s thinking
The main nature of “knowledge” is highlighted in Xunzi’s theory of nature, nature and gift. It can be said that “knowledge” is the basis and focus reason for Xunzi’s various academic statements.
(1) In “Tians”, Xunzi’s unique view of heaven and man gave “knowledge” to lead the position. Xunzi advocated the separation of heaven and man and the unity of heaven and man. Whether it is the separation or unity of heaven and man, it highlights the main nature of human “knowledge”.
When talking about the separation between heaven and man, Xunzi turned the heaven into two parts: the heaven of secret movement of the acquired and the heaven of form. These two departments are also a plan between the job and the job of the emperor. He said: “It is done without doing it, and it is obtained without seeking it. This is what it means to be a job of heaven.” …This is true that we do not fight against heaven. The stars are circling, the sun and the moon shine, the four eras are in power, the sun and the sun are transformed, the wind and rain are spreading, and all things are harmonious and reclaimed and accomplished, and they do not see the matter but see their achievements. This is the god. Everyone knows why it is accomplished, but no one knows that it is invisible. This is the heavenly power. Only the saints do not seek knowledge of heaven. [1]265, 266
Xunzi pointed out the differences in the responsibilities of heaven and man, and advocated that people should not go to the heavens that know the secrets. However, the understanding and awareness of this distinction between heaven and man comes from human knowledge. Therefore, Xunzi would say that the knowledge of the most human beings is the knowledge of the boundary of human beings. “Therefore, understanding the distinction between heaven and man can be regarded as the most human beings.” [1]265 It can be said that the highest awareness of man (the knowledge of man) is to understand what man can understand, and what he cannot understand, that is, understanding the distinction between heaven and man. Only by understanding the distinction between heaven and man can we better understand the way of man. Therefore, before the rule of man has begun, “knowledge” has already come first.
In the man’s duty, the unity of man and nature is manifested. Although people cannot understand the secret heaven, they can recognize and control the acquired invisible heaven, and use this to develop and perfect the heaven or heavenly ritual. The so-called Liuhe Huayu refers to this meaning. This is also an important connotation of human nature. “Heaven has its time, earth has its wealth, and man has its governance. This is what we can do.” [1]266
The key to the achievements of people in Liuhe is the “knowledge” of the human heart. Among all the organs that God gives to man, the heart is the master, and the effectiveness of the heart is knowledge. This further highlights the importance of “knowledge” in the human heart. As Xunzi said, “The human nose, mouth, and shape can be connected but not connected. This is the heavenly official. The heart is in the middle to control the five senses. This is the heavenly king. … A sage clears his heavenly king, corrects his heavenly official, prepares his heavenly official, smooths his heavenly affairs, and fulfills his heavenly morals. In this way, he knows what he does and knows what he does not do; he is the Liuhe official and has thousands of things to be managed. His actions are correct, his upbringing is suitable, and his life is not damaged. This is the one who knows the heavenly realm.” [1]267 No matter how many people know about the acquired Liuhe official, he will not be divided.
This shows the dominant position of knowledge in the heart. Knowing that it is a unique way to reach the Great Way. As long as you understand what can and why it will not be achieved, you can make everything have its own place.
So, in the “Tians” chapter, the main nature of “knowledge” is unknown.
(2) In the difference between people and all things, Xunzi also emphasized the importance of “knowledge”. In the King’s System, he said:
“Water and fire have energy but no birth, plants and trees have birth but no knowledge, birds and animals have knowledge but no logic, people have energy, life and knowledge, and also have meaning, so they are the most expensive. They are not as strong as ox, and walking is not as good as horses, and the cattle and horses are used for use. Why? They say: People can be grouped, but they cannot defeat the group. Why can people be grouped? They say: division. Why can they be divided? They say: meaning. Therefore, they are divided into harmony, harmony, one, one has many forces, and many forces are strong, and they are strong and strong, and they are used to strengthen things; so the palace can be found and live. Therefore, the four prefaces are divided into four times, and all things are alsoCaiming market benefits the whole country, without any reason, and the distinction between gain. “[1]127
For Xunzi, the performance of water and fire (no organic matter), plants (plant), and birds (animals) has created sufficient dramatic performance. After several days of continuous failure, people are the most respected. Water and fire are prosperous but no business; plants and trees are business but no knowledgecovering prices ptt; birds and animals have knowledge but no morals. As long as people take all of the energy, business, knowledge and knowledge. Taoism is a unique quality of human beings. With Taoism, you can set gifts and grades. Only by dividing the levels can you form an orderly social group. Become a group of people to “harmony, one, one, multiple forces, multiple forces, and strong, and strong things to win things.”to keep a monthly price, and further improve the step-by-step ability to “select tens of things in four hours, and benefit the whole country.” It is said to control the destiny and use it.
The Tao here is the high-level transformation or spiritual state of “knowledge”. This kind of spiritual knowledge in humans is divided by the limited nature of animals. Animals can only rely on their own nature to gain knowledge limited to their own preservation knowledge. However, people’s knowledge can transcend the limitations of the race and achieve all things. People’s knowledge is different fro